Types of fluid flows

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-803CJb8l9ps/VkCf8eC2Y5I/AAAAAAAAAvw/jxwCV2-VQ2c/s1600/Title%2Bflows.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="99" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-803CJb8l9ps/VkCf8eC2Y5I/AAAAAAAAAvw/jxwCV2-VQ2c/s200/Title%2Bflows.png" width="200" /></a></div> <a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YlInqaIa_bM/VkCWh4ahPQI/AAAAAAAAAu0/XceGI0cmSIY/s1600/Flow.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YlInqaIa_bM/VkCWh4ahPQI/AAAAAAAAAu0/XceGI0cmSIY/s1600/Flow.png" /></a><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">Let us discuss them one by one.<br /> <br /> Flows are broadly classified into the following three categories.<br /> <b><br />-      Laminar Flow<br /><br />-      Turbulent Flow<br /><br />-      Transient Flow<br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--></b></span><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-to9UzFj6HRg/VkCYyfxqP7I/AAAAAAAAAvA/shk1OmvuYdY/s1600/Flow.png" imageanchor="1" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-to9UzFj6HRg/VkCYyfxqP7I/AAAAAAAAAvA/shk1OmvuYdY/s1600/Flow.png" /></a><br /> <br /> <span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">                 <b>In case of pipes.</b><br />           If Reynold’s No.  ≤ 2000.    The flow will be laminar.<br /><br />           If Reynold’s No.  > 2000.    The flow will be Turbulent.<br /> <br />               <b>In case of channels</b>.<br /><br /> If Reynold’s No.  ≤ 500       The flow will be laminar.<br /><br /> If Reynold’s No.  > 500.      The flow will be Turbulent.</span><br /> <br /> <b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">TYPES OF FLOW W.R.T DISTANCE</span></b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"> (between two sections):</span><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kExDudXuSTE/VkCZEz0ivrI/AAAAAAAAAvI/2zlsMqGl5XM/s1600/uni%2Bnon-uniform%2Bflow.png" imageanchor="1" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kExDudXuSTE/VkCZEz0ivrI/AAAAAAAAAvI/2zlsMqGl5XM/s1600/uni%2Bnon-uniform%2Bflow.png" /></a><br /> <span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span><b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />TYPES OF FLOW W.R.T TO TIME:</span></b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Z8hJ53rP7t0/VkCZR7JkU1I/AAAAAAAAAvQ/c1lMBznalhU/s1600/stesdy%2Bunsteady%2Bflow.png" imageanchor="1" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Z8hJ53rP7t0/VkCZR7JkU1I/AAAAAAAAAvQ/c1lMBznalhU/s1600/stesdy%2Bunsteady%2Bflow.png" /></a><br /> <span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span><b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />TYPES OF FLOW W.R.T TO DENSITY:</span></b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8lBVD65OmFQ/VkCZukcLQsI/AAAAAAAAAvc/fBQHCNNv3UQ/s1600/Com%2BINcom%2BFlow.png" imageanchor="1" style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8lBVD65OmFQ/VkCZukcLQsI/AAAAAAAAAvc/fBQHCNNv3UQ/s1600/Com%2BINcom%2BFlow.png" /></a><br /> <span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span><b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br />           </span></b><b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 25.68px;">DIFFERENCE</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">:</span></b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /> <br />                Difference between uniform and steady flow is that uniform flow is between two sections<br /><br />                 while steady flow is at a particular section.<br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /> <!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif;"> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div> </div>

Types of fluid flows

Let us discuss them one by one. Flows are broadly classified into the following three categories. -      Laminar Flow -      T...

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How to determine Manning's and Chezy's Coefficients for Laboratory Flume.

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="MsoTitle"> <h2 style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"><w:sdt contentlocked="t" id="89512093" sdtgroup="t"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><w:sdtpr></w:sdtpr><w:sdt docpart="2F182836FC234D059C1892EAE2BB3CA4" id="89512082" storeitemid="X_5F329CAD-B019-4FA6-9FEF-74898909AD20" text="t" title="Post Title" xpath="/ns0:BlogPostInfo/ns0:PostTitle"></w:sdt></span> <div class="Publishwithline"> Applications of Chezy’s and Manning’s Formulas.<o:p></o:p><w:sdtpr></w:sdtpr></div> </w:sdt> </span><div style="border-bottom: solid #C6C6C6 1.0pt; border: none; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0in 0in 2.0pt 0in;"> <div class="underline"> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> </div> <div class="PadderBetweenControlandBody"> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"> <b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">OBJECTIVES: </span></b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /> <br /><span style="font-weight: normal;"> -        To study the variation of Chezy’s “C” and Manning’s “</span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ȵ</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Baskerville Old Face";">”</span></span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> as a function of velocity in the flume.<br /> -           To study the applications of Manning’s and Chezy’s formulas.<br /> -           To investigate the relationship between the Manning’s and Chezy’s coefficients for the flume</span>.<br /> <br /> </span><b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Apparatus Used:</span></b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <br /> <br /><span style="font-weight: normal;"> -          S-6 glass sided tilting flume.<br /> -          Point gauge with railing.<br /> -          Manometer<br /> -          Pump<br /> -          Intake tank<br /> -          Outlet</span><br /> <br /> </span><b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Flume:</span></b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /> <br />     <span style="font-weight: normal;">It is an open channel which is supported on or above ground and is used for conveying water. It is in the form of an open declined gravity chute whose walls are raised above the surrounding terrain.</span><br /> <br /> </span><b><span style="color: blue; font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><a href="http://civilengineering-ideas.blogspot.com/2015/11/different-fluid-flow-types.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;">Types of Fluid Flows</span></a></span></b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /> <br /><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;"> -   Open Channel flow</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;"> -   Steady Uniform flow</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;"> -   Steady non-Uniform flow.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;"> -   Non-Uniform flow.</span><br /> <br /><span style="font-weight: normal;"> -   Laminar flow</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;"> -   Turbulent flow</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;"> -   Transient flow</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;">                              </span><a href="http://civilengineering-ideas.blogspot.com/2015/11/different-fluid-flow-types.html" target="_blank"><span style="color: red;"><i>Details</i></span></a></span><br /> <br /> </span><b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Chezy’s formula:</span></b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /> <br />               <span style="font-weight: normal;">Chezy’s formula was presented in 1775. It states that:</span><br /> <span style="font-weight: normal;">                        Velocity is an open channel is a function of hydraulics radius and slope of the channel bed.</span><br /> <span style="font-weight: normal;">                          Mathematically it is equal to:</span><br /> <span style="font-weight: normal;">                             V = C * sqrt(RS)</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;"> Where,</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;"> V = Velocity of the flow</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;"> R = Hydraulic Radius</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;"> C = Slope of Channel Bed</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal;"> C = Chezy’s Coefficient</span><br /> <br /> According to Kutler’s Formula.<br /> <br /><span style="font-weight: normal;"> C= sqrt(8g)/f</span><br /> <br /> <br /> </span><b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Manning’s Formula:</span></b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> <br />               <span style="font-weight: normal;">V = 1/ </span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">ȵ</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> *(R)^</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2/3</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> * (S)^</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">1/2</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /> <br /> Where,<br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /> <!--[endif]--></span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div> <span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">V = Velocity of the flow<br /> R = Hydraulic Radius<br /> C = Slope of Channel Bed<br /> </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">ȵ</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> = Manning</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Baskerville Old Face"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">’</span></span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">s Coefficient</span><br /> <br /> </span><b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Hydraulic Radius:</span></b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br />             <span style="font-weight: normal;">The hydraulic radius is defined as the measure of channel flow efficiency.<br /> <br />                                R = A/P<br /> Where,<br />       R = Hydraulics Radius.<br />       A = Cross-sectional Area of flow.<br />       P = Wetted Perimeter.<br />   The efficiency of channel depends on hydraulic radius. More will be the hydraulic radius more will be the efficiency of channel.</span><br /> <br /> </span><b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Relationship between Manning’s and Chezy’s Coefficient:</span></b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br /> <br />            <span style="font-weight: normal;">Chezy Coefficient ‘C’ and Manning’s Coefficient ‘</span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">ȵ</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">’ are inversely proportional to each other.<br />                      <br />                                                Chezy’s:<br />                                                          V = C * sqrt(RS)-------------Eq. (1)<br />                                                Manning’s:<br />                                                          V = 1/ </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">ȵ</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> *(R)^</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">2/3</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> * (S)^</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">1/2</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">-------------Eq. (2)<br /> <br />                                                Comparing both equations:<br />                                                     C * sqrt(RS) = 1/ </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">ȵ</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> *(R)^2/3 * (S)^1/2<br /> <br />                                                       C = (R</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">h</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">)^</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">1/6</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">/</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">ȵ</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">     OR    </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">ȵ</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> = (R</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 8.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">h</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">)^</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">1/6</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 20.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">/</span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> C<br /> <br />                                                             C inversely proportional to </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">ȵ</span></span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span><br /> <br /> </span><b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 16.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">PROCEDURE:</span></b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br /> <br /><span style="font-weight: normal;"> -      Turn on the Apparatus.<br /> -      Allow the water in the flume to stabilize so that the flow becomes uniform that is the depth and velocity of flow becomes constant.<br /> -      Set the slope of the flow in the glass tilted flume.<br /> -      Note the reading from the manometer. The manometric head difference will give total discharge ‘V’<br /> -      Measure depth at 3 different locations for each discharge value.<br /> -      Measure the hydraulic radius of the area.<br /> -      Determine the roughness coefficients of Manning’s and Chezy’s using their respective equations.</span><br /> <br /> </span><b><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 16pt;">Results:</span></b><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">          <span style="font-weight: normal;">After the performance of experiment we can now easily answer the question  that Do manning and chezy coefficients vary with discharge (at the same water depths)?<br />           Chezy's coefficient is directly proportional to discharge while manning's coefficient is inversely proportional to discharge.<br /> <br />         The graphs between:<br /> <br /> -        Chezy coefficient and velocity.<br /> -        Manning coefficient and velocity.<br /> -        Chezy coefficient 'C' and Manning coefficient '</span></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">ȵ</span><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">'<br />                                    is shown below.</span></span><span style="font-family: "gadugi" , sans-serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /> <!--[endif]--></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U-VCyf_9VAo/Vj86J0vdcMI/AAAAAAAAAuY/JkH-KE4kfb0/s1600/graph%2B1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="263" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U-VCyf_9VAo/Vj86J0vdcMI/AAAAAAAAAuY/JkH-KE4kfb0/s320/graph%2B1.png" width="320" /></span></a></div> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span> </span><br /> <div style="text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">           </span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: small;">This graph shows that manning's coefficient is inversely proportional to velocity 'V'</span></span></span></div> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><br /></span> </span><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-t3h2VkXqvlQ/Vj86J63ufzI/AAAAAAAAAuU/8vEzKVJIT_Q/s1600/graph%2B2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="261" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-t3h2VkXqvlQ/Vj86J63ufzI/AAAAAAAAAuU/8vEzKVJIT_Q/s320/graph%2B2.png" width="320" /></span></a></div> <span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">This graph shows that Chezy's coefficient "C' is directly proportional to velocity 'V'.</span></span><br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e2YkFVtIJ4M/Vj86I-BMC0I/AAAAAAAAAuM/8vEy1qYPqzQ/s1600/Graph.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" height="269" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-e2YkFVtIJ4M/Vj86I-BMC0I/AAAAAAAAAuM/8vEy1qYPqzQ/s320/Graph.png" width="320" /></span></a></div> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: small;"><br />This graph shows that manning's coefficient is inversely proportional to Chezy's Coefficient 'C'</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 24px;" />                                          </span><br /> <!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div> </h2> <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div> </div>

How to determine Manning's and Chezy's Coefficients for Laboratory Flume.

Applications of Chezy’s and Manning’s Formulas. OBJECTIVES: -        To study the variation of Chezy’s “C” and Manning’s...

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Design of Concrete Mix by ACI method

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-J1CA-LNCizI/VjtMXsXQ6_I/AAAAAAAAAt4/8OzanU17yCM/s1600/tmp643.tmp_tcm77-1299959.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-J1CA-LNCizI/VjtMXsXQ6_I/AAAAAAAAAt4/8OzanU17yCM/s320/tmp643.tmp_tcm77-1299959.jpg" width="318" /></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">How to design a concrete mix.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">ACI 318 Method.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> Concrete Mix Design<br /><br />                    </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Mix design means the selection of suitable ingredients of concrete and their relative quantities to obtain an economical concrete with values of certain properties not less than their desired minimum values, such as<br /> 1)   Workability<br /> 2)   Strength<br /> 3)   Durability<br /> 4)   <a href="http://civilengineering-ideas.blogspot.com/2015/10/how-to-determine-consistency-of-cement.html" target="_blank">Consistency</a><br />                                  The code criteria to be satisfied during a mix design are the maximum water /cement ratio, maximum size of aggregate and air contents within specified limits<br /> <br />                                  A concrete mix design should focus on three key issues:<br /> 1).   Does the mix meet the performance requirements of the specifications with respect to strength and other characteristics such as shrinkage, permeability, w/cm ratio, etc.?<br /> 2).   Is the trial batch test data adequate to justify the strength?<br /> 3).   Do the materials used comply with the project requirements as evidenced by test results, certifications, and product data?</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif";"> <br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Type of cement:<br />                       </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">The type of cement is selected depending upon the required rate of gain of strength, the likelihood of chemical attack and the required thermal behavior.<br /> <br /> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Example Problem:<br />               </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Data Known:<br /> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Specified strength                     = 20 MPa<br /> Required Slump                        = 50 mm<br /> Maximum size of aggregate     = 20 mm<br /> FM of fine aggregate                = 2.20<br /> Grading of aggregate as satisfied by by ASTM C33<br /> SSD specific gravity of fine and coarse aggregate    = 2.65<br /> Rodded bulk density of coarse aggregate                 = 1600 kg/cubic m</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><br /> Absorption Capacity of coarse aggregate                 = 0.5 %<br /> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Absorption Capacity of fine aggregate                      = 0.7%<br /> Moisture Content of fine and coarse aggregate        = Zero<br /> Exposure Conditions = Normal <br /> <br /> </span><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">             </span></b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 150%;">SOLUTION:</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> <b><br />Step 1:   Specified Strength</b>.<br /> <br />          The first step is the determination of specific strength <br />            In this case the specified strength is given as 20 MPa<br /> <b><br />Step 2:   Type of Cement.</b><br /> <br />          Given exposure conditions are normal, so it is better to use Portland cement.<br /> <b><br />Step 3:   Target Strength.</b><br /> <br />          Design average strength = fcr = fc + 7.0<br />                                                           = 20 +7 = 27 MPa<br /> where,<br /> fc = Characteristic/Specified Strength of concrete.<br /> fcr = Target strength of concrete.<br /> Note:<br />           Specified Strength is the result of the actual compression testing done of properly prepared, cured and tested samples.<br />           Whereas, Target strength implies what it was supposed to be, according to its designers.<br /> If previous statistical data is not given then, the required average strength is determined according to the ACI code as follows:<br />                   fcr  ≥  fc  +  7.0 MPa     for        fc  ≤  21 MPa<br />                   fcr  ≥ fc +  8.5 MPa       for        fc  =  21 to 35 MPa<br />                   fcr  ≥ 1.1fc + 5.0 MPa   for        fc  >   35 MPa<br /> <br /> <b>Step 4:    Water/Cement Ratio</b>.<br />                                  Water/Cement ratio of the concrete mix will depend upon the target strength of concrete mix. The following table show the relationship between the two by proposed by ACI Code.<br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 66.1pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 66.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> Average Compressive strength at 28 days<br />                          (MPa)<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 66.1pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />    Effective water/cement ratio by mass <br />        for Non Air Entrained Concrete<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">45<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.38<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">40<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.43<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">35<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.48<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">30<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.55<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">25<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.62<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">20<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.70<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 3.45in;" valign="top" width="331"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.80<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> As in our case the target strength is 27 MPa for which the required water/cement ratio is not given so we will find the required value using interpolation.<br /> <br />                                    Strength                             W/C ratio<br />                                      30 MPa                                 0.55<br />                                      27 MPa                                    ?<br />                                      25 MPa                                 0.62<br /> <br />                    W/C ratio   =    </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.55 </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 150%;">+ (0.62-0.55) / (30-25) </span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">= 0.59</span><br /> <div style="line-height: 150%;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">Step 5:<br />      Water Content</span></b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">.<br /> <br />    The water content of cement depends upon the slump value and the maximum aggregate size. The following table shows the relationship between them as proposed by the ACI code.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">   <o:p></o:p></span></div> </div> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 663px;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 24.25pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 24.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 136.0pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Workability<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">(Slump)<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td colspan="6" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 24.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 361.45pt;" valign="top" width="482"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=1842224815180088377" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Water Content of Concrete for Maximum Aggregate Size (mm) for Non-Air Entrained Concrete<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height: 19.45pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">12.5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">20<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">25<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 19.45pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">40<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 136.0pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">30 – 50<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">205<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">200<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">185<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">180<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.3pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">160<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="1"><div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 136.0pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">80 – 100<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">225<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">215<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">200<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">195<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.3pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">175<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="1"><div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 136.0pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">150 – 180<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">240<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">230<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">210<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">205<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.3pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">185<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="1"><div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 136.0pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Approximate Entrapped Air Content Percent<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> 3<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> 2.5<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> 2.0<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> 1.5<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.3pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> 1.0<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="1"><div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 136.0pt;" valign="top" width="181"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> Recommended Avg. Air Content percent for<br /> <b>Mild Exposure<br /> Moderate Exposure<br /> Extreme Exposure</b><o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.0pt;" valign="top" width="84"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> <br /> <br /> 4.5<br /> 6.0<br /> 7.5<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 67.5pt;" valign="top" width="90"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> <br /> <br /> 4.0<br /> 5.5<br /> 7.0<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> <br /> <br /> 3.5<br /> 5.0<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6.0<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <br /></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.5pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> <br /> <br /> 3.0<br /> 4.5<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">6.0<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 77.3pt;" valign="top" width="103"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /> <br /> <br /> 2.5<br /> 4.5<br /> 5.5<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border: none; mso-cell-special: placeholder; padding: 0in 0in 0in 0in;" width="1"><div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br />     So as in our case the mixing water content for non-air entrained concrete with a slump of 50 mm and maximum aggregate of 20 mm is <b>185 kg/cubic m</b></span><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;">(from table)<br /> <br /> <b>Step 6</b>:<br />       The approximate entrapped air content is <b>2%</b>.<br /> <b><br />Step 7:</b><br /> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">   <b>Cement Content.</b><br /> <br />      Cement content can be calculated by the ratio between water content to W/C ratio.<br />                         Cement Content = Water Content / W/C Ratio<br />                                                    = 185/0.59<br />                                                    = 314 kg/cubic meter<br /> <b>Step 8:</b><br />   Grading of coarse and fine aggregates satisfy the requirements as proposed by ACI.<br /> <br /> <b>Step 9:<br /> Mass of Coarse Aggregate.</b><br /> <br />    It depends upon maximum size of aggregate and fineness modulus of fine aggregate.<br />     The following table shows the relation as proposed by ACI.<br /> <br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" style="line-height: 150%;"> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;"> <tbody> <tr> <td rowspan="2" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Maximum Size of Aggregate<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td colspan="8" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 430.55pt;" valign="top" width="574"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Dry bulk volume of Rodded Coarse Aggregate per unit volume of concrete for fineness modulus of sand of:<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.6<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">1.8<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.0<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.2<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.4<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.6<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">2.8<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">3.0<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">10<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.56<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.55<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.54<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.52<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.50<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.48<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.46<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.44<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">12.5<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.65<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.64<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.63<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.61<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.59<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.57<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.55<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.55<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">20<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.72<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.71<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.70<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><u><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.68<o:p></o:p></span></u></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.66<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.64<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.62<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.60<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">25<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.77<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.76<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.73<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.73<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.71<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.69<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.67<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.65<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">40<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.81<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.80<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.79<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.77<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.75<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.73<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.71<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.69<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">50<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.84<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.83<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.82<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.80<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.78<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.76<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.74<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.72<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">70<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.86<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.85<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.85<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.84<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.82<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.80<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.78<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.76<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.25pt;" valign="top" width="88"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">150<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.91<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.90<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.85pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.89<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.88<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.87<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.85<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.86<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> <td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 53.8pt;" valign="top" width="72"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">0.81<o:p></o:p></span></div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <div style="line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /><br /> In this case as maximum size of aggregate is 20 mm and fineness modulus of fine aggregate is 2.20 So dry bulk volume of the aggregate per unit volume of concrete  = <b>0.68</b>.<br /> <br />              Volume of SSD coarse aggregate required = 0.68 cubic m/cubic m of concrete<br /> <br />              Mass of coarse aggregate    =    0.68 * 1600 (Rodded bulk density of coarse<br />               aggregate)<br /> <br />             Mass of coarse aggregate    =    <b>1088 kg/cubic</b><br /> <br /> <b>Step 10:<br />  Mass of fine aggregate</b>.<br /><br />Specific gravity of fine aggregate = Yf =  2.65<br /><br /> Water content = W = 185 kg/cubic m<br /><br /> Cement content = C = 314 kg/cubic m<br /><br /> Specific gravity of cement = Y = 3.15<br /><br /> Mass of coarse aggregate = Ac = 1088 kg/cubic m<br /><br /> Specific gravity of coarse aggregate = Yc = 2.65<br /><br /> Air content = 2 %<br /> <br /> Mass of fine aggregate = Yf [ 1000- ( W + C/Y + Ac/Yc + 10A )]<br /> <br />                                      = 2.65 [1000- ( 185 + 314/3.15 + 1088/2.65 + 20 )]<br /> <br />                                      = 755 kg/cubic m<br /> <br /> <b>Step 11:</b><br /> <br />   Extra water required for absorption of Aggregate = 0.005 * 1088 (Ac) +  0.007 * 755 (Af)<br />                                                                                  = 10.73 kg/cubic m<br />    Total water content = 185 + 10.73 = 196 kg/cubic m<br /> <br /> <b>Note:</b><br /><br /> If excess water is present in the aggregate the required water is to be reduced accordingly.<br /> <br /> <b>Step 12:</b><br /> <br />  The quantities of the mix of 1.0 cubic m are as under:<br /> <br />    Cement                    :   314 kg/cubic m<br /> <br />    Fine aggregate        :   755 kg/cubic m<br /> <br />    Coarse Aggregate   :   1088 kg/cubic m<br /> <br />    Water                      :    196 kg/cubic m<br /> <br />     <b>The mix ratio is as follows :</b><br /> <br />     Cement : Fine Aggregate : Coarse Aggregate     =  314 : 755 : 1088<br />                                                                                   =     1  : 2.40 : 3.46<br /> <br />         Aggregate / Cement ratio   =  5.87<br />          W/C ratio     =   0.59</span></div> </div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;"> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div> </div> </div> </div>

Design of Concrete Mix by ACI method

How to design a concrete mix. ACI 318 Method. Concrete Mix Design                    Mix design means the selection ...

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